Phospho-SAPK/JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) (A11) rabbit mAb

The SAPK/JNK pathway initiates apoptosis upon exposure to radiation, UV exposure, heat shock, oxidative stress, and other stressors. Upon exposure to environmental stress, the SAPK/JNK signaling pathway sequentially activates the proteins MEKK1, SEK1, SAPK, and c-Jun. Upstream activators of the SAPK/JNK cascade include ceramide, small GTP-binding proteins such as Rac1 and Cdc42Hs, Ask1, and caspases. MKK7 is also a major and direct SAPK/JNK activator in the TNFα or environmental stress signaling pathways, where its kinase activity directly phosphorylates SAPK/JNK. This relationship between MKK7 and SAPK appears to be evolutionarily conserved, as it is preserved in their Drosophila homologues, Hep and DJNK, respectively.